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What is a transaction?

  • Sequence of operations treated as a single unit
  • One query
  • One stored procedure
  • Test suite
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What is denormalization?

  • Adding primary keys
  • Adding indexes
  • Introducing redundancy for performance
  • Removing keys
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What is a cursor in database?

  • Table name
  • A pointer to the result of a query
  • Function
  • Constraint
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What is a view in database?

  • Stored data
  • Virtual table based on a query
  • Schema info
  • SQL user
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What is a synonym in database terms?

  • Alias for table or view
  • Copy of schema
  • Index
  • Stored query
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What happens if referential integrity is broken?

  • Page crashes
  • System slows down
  • Orphan records occur
  • No effect
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What is a stored procedure?

  • Static report
  • Predefined SQL logic stored in DB
  • Data type
  • View
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Which statement is used to add new rows?

  • DELETE
  • UPDATE
  • INSERT INTO
  • ALTER
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What does DML stand for?

  • Data Memory Load
  • Database Management Language
  • Data Manipulation Language
  • Data Module Layer
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Which SQL statement is used to retrieve data?

  • UPDATE
  • INSERT
  • SELECT
  • DELETE
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Which constraint ensures that a column cannot have NULL values?

  • FOREIGN KEY
  • NOT NULL
  • CHECK
  • UNIQUE
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Which type of testing verifies that NULL values are handled correctly?

  • Null constraint testing
  • Usability testing
  • Regression testing
  • Smoke testing
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What type of testing verifies the correctness of stored procedures?

  • Regression testing
  • Stored procedure testing
  • Usability testing
  • Volume testing
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When should database testing be done?

  • After deployment only
  • Only during coding
  • Throughout development cycle
  • Not required
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Which clause is used to limit the number of rows returned?

  • COUNT
  • HAVING
  • LIMIT
  • SUM
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Which data type is used to store large text?

  • INT
  • VARCHAR
  • CHAR
  • TEXT
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What is used to validate data accuracy?

  • UI test case
  • SELECT queries
  • Regression script
  • Page source check
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What is the impact of missing indexes?

  • Faster queries
  • More memory usage
  • Slower query performance
  • Duplicate records
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What does the HAVING clause do?

  • Filters groups created by GROUP BY
  • Sorts results
  • Limits rows
  • Deletes duplicates
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Which testing ensures historical data is retained correctly?

  • Migration testing
  • Retention testing
  • Backup testing
  • Consistency testing
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What is a surrogate key used for?

  • Replacing composite keys with a unique auto-generated key
  • Backup creation
  • Data migration
  • Foreign reference
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What is the main reason to use transactions in database?

  • Improve UI
  • Handle schema changes
  • Ensure data integrity and atomicity
  • Backup data
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What is a NULL value in a database?

  • A zero
  • An empty string
  • A missing or undefined value
  • A negative number
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What is the role of a data dictionary?

  • Stores table rows
  • Stores database schema metadata
  • Encrypts columns
  • Defines user roles
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What is the use of CHECK constraint?

  • Auto-increment field
  • Enforces a condition on a column
  • Creates index
  • Sets primary key
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What does the ROLLBACK command do?

  • Commits changes
  • Deletes database
  • Undoes changes
  • Closes session
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Which SQL function returns number of records?

  • SUM()
  • AVG()
  • COUNT()
  • MIN()
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What is the role of test cases in DB testing?

  • Automate UI
  • Ensure backend logic is sound
  • Validate CSS
  • Perform navigation
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What is latency in database performance?

  • Query length
  • Delay in data access
  • Total rows
  • Index position
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What is a common challenge in database testing?

  • UI alignment
  • Inconsistent test data
  • Color mismatch
  • Element IDs
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